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Monday, December 31, 2012
Greece: former finance minister faces prosecution
ATHENS, Greece (AP) ? Greece's coalition government called on Monday for the indictment of former Finance Minister George Papaconstantinou for allegedly removing the names of three of his relatives from a list of Swiss bank account holders whose tax records were to be re-examined.
Seventy-one deputies from the three-party coalition signed the proposal to indict Papaconstantinou for allegedly tampering with a public document and breach of duty ? offenses that would carry a maximum 10-year jail term, according to legal experts.
Papaconstantinou, 51, served as finance minister between 2009 and 2011 in the previous Socialist government. But his party, which is part of the new conservative-led administration, is backing the proposed indictment.
The former minister has angrily denied the allegations, insisting the names were removed without his knowledge.
Despite the ongoing recession and frequent reports of financial scandals, prosecution of public figures is rare in Greece, largely due to strict statutes of limitation originally designed to prevent chaotic political feuds.
Under the proposed indictment, Papaconstantinou allegedly removed the names of his first cousin, her husband, and another relative from a list of some 2,000 account holders at Swiss branches of the British lender HSBC.
The list was provided by French authorities in 2010 from data on 24,000 customers reportedly stolen from the bank. Greek prosecutors found the three missing names last week after requesting that the French government resend the information.
Authorities are using the list of 2,000 Greek account holders to investigate possible tax evasion, and the public has sharply criticized their governments for taking so long to complete such probes as the country struggles to survive its deep financial crisis.
Parliament would have to approve an inquiry into Papaconstantinou's handling of the case, then vote to strip him of political immunity before he could stand trial. The three-party governing coalition controls 166 of Parliament's 300 seats, but no votes on the issue have been scheduled.
The catalog of Greek names has been dubbed the "Lagarde List," after Christine Lagarde, managing director of the International Monetary Fund, who was France's finance minister in 2010.
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China backs Cambodia?s first oil refinery
PHNOM PENH:? Cambodia last Friday gave the green light to the CONSTRUCTION [] of its first oil refinery, a multi-billion-dollar Chinese-backed project, as the kingdom looks to tap its untouched offshore reserves.
Cambodia?s oil and gas regulator approved a deal to allow Sinomach China Perfect Machinery Industry Corp and Cambodian Petrochemical Co to jointly invest US$2.3 billion (RM7 billion) in the plant in the southwest of the country.
?We hope that we will have an oil refinery plant that can produce five million tonnes of oil products a year,? Deputy Prime Minister Sok An said during the signing ceremony.
The plant is expected to start operating in late 2015.
Impoverished Cambodia had hoped to begin pumping oil this month from offshore fields, but the start has been delayed indefinitely, according to government officials.
The country was feted as Southeast Asia?s next petro-state after oil was discovered there in 2005, but production stalled amid apparent wrangling between the government and US energy giant Chevron over revenue sharing.
?We have been trying our best to develop the oil sector for years but without results,? Sok An said, adding that the government is still in talks with Chevron.
Cambodia could be sitting on hundreds of millions of barrels of crude and natural gas, according to some estimates, but it remains unclear how much can actually be recovered. ? AFP
?
This article first appeared in The Edge Financial Daily, on Dec 31, 2012.
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Pakistan official: 19 killed in attack on Shiites
Firemen try to extinguish a fire following a blast in Karachi, Pakistan, Saturday, Dec. 29, 2012. The blast that ripped through the bus set the vehicle on fire and reduced it to little more than a charred skeleton, killing scores of people and leaving many injured. Authorities were trying to determine whether the explosion was caused by a bomb or a gas cylinder, said a police spokesman. (AP Photo/Fareed Khan)
Firemen try to extinguish a fire following a blast in Karachi, Pakistan, Saturday, Dec. 29, 2012. The blast that ripped through the bus set the vehicle on fire and reduced it to little more than a charred skeleton, killing scores of people and leaving many injured. Authorities were trying to determine whether the explosion was caused by a bomb or a gas cylinder, said a police spokesman. (AP Photo/Fareed Khan)
Volunteers carry a wounded bus passenger following a blast in Karachi, Pakistan, Saturday, Dec. 29, 2012. The blast that ripped through the bus set the vehicle on fire and reduced it to little more than a charred skeleton, killing scores of people and leaving many injured. Authorities were trying to determine whether the explosion was caused by a bomb or a gas cylinder, said a police spokesman. (AP Photo/Fareed Khan)
Security men gather at the site of a suicide bombing in Quetta, Pakistan, Sunday, Dec. 30, 2012. A suicide bomber driving a vehicle packed with explosives rammed into a bus carrying Shiite Muslim pilgrims in southwest Pakistan on Sunday, killing several people, a government official and eyewitnesses said. (AP Photo/Arshad Butt)
Pakistani police officers, collect evidence from the site of a suicide bombing in Quetta, Pakistan, Sunday, Dec. 30, 2012. A suicide bomber driving a vehicle packed with explosives rammed into a bus carrying Shiite Muslim pilgrims in southwest Pakistan on Sunday, killing several people, a government official and eyewitnesses said. (AP Photo/Arshad Butt)
QUETTA, Pakistan (AP) ? A suicide bomber driving a vehicle packed with explosives rammed into a bus carrying Shiite Muslim pilgrims in southwest Pakistan on Sunday, killing 19 people, a government official and eyewitnesses said.
Earlier Sunday, 21 tribal policemen believed to have been kidnapped by the Taliban were found shot dead in Pakistan's troubled northwest tribal region, government officials said.
Pakistan has experienced a spike in killings over the last year by radical Sunni Muslims targeting Shiites who they consider heretics. The violence has been especially pronounced in Baluchistan province, where the latest attack occurred.
In addition to the 19 people killed in the bombing in Baluchistan's Mastung district, 25 others were wounded, many of them critically, said Tufail Ahmed, a local political official. The blast completely destroyed the bus that was hit and damaged a second bus carrying Shiites that was close by.
An eyewitness who was traveling in the second bus told Pakistan's Geo TV that first bus contained over 40 pilgrims headed to neighboring Iran, a majority Shiite country that is a popular religious tourism destination.
A second eyewitness said the bomber rushed by in a pick-up truck, swerved in front of the first bus and slammed on the brakes. The bus slammed into the pick-up truck and then a big explosion occurred.
Neither of the eyewitnesses provided their names while being interviewed on TV.
Shiites make up around 15 percent of Pakistan's 190 million people. They are scattered around the country, but the province of Baluchistan has the largest community, mainly made up of ethnic Hazaras, easily identified by their facial features which resemble those of Central Asians.
Sunni extremists have long carried out attacks against Shiites in Pakistan. But the sectarian campaign has stepped up in recent years, fueled mainly by the radical group Laskar-e-Jangvhi, aligned to Pakistani Taliban militants headquartered in the tribal region. More than 300 Shiites have been killed in Pakistan this year, according to Human Rights Watch.
The violence has pushed Baluchistan in particular deeper into chaos. The province was already facing an armed insurgency by ethnic Baluch separatists who frequently attack security forces and government facilities. But the secessionist violence has been overtaken by increasingly bold attacks against Shiites.
The sectarian bloodletting adds another layer to the turmoil in Pakistan, where the government is fighting an insurgency by the Pakistani Taliban and where many fear Sunni hardliners are gaining strength. Shiites and rights group say the government does little to protect Shiites and that militants are emboldened because they are believed to have links to Pakistan's intelligence agencies.
The 21 tribal policemen who were shot dead were found by officials shortly after midnight Sunday in the Jabai area of Frontier Region Peshawar after being notified by one policeman who escaped, said Naveed Akbar Khan, a top political official in the area. Another policeman was found seriously wounded, said Khan.
The 23 policemen went missing before dawn Thursday when militants armed with rocket-propelled grenades and automatic weapons attacked two posts in Frontier Region Peshawar. Two policemen were also killed in the attacks.
Militants lined the policemen up on a cricket pitch late Saturday night and gunned them down, said another local official who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to talk to the media.
Also Sunday, two Pakistani army soldiers were killed by a roadside bomb in the North Waziristan tribal area, the main sanctuary for Taliban and al-Qaida militants in the country, security officials said, speaking on condition of anonymity in line with official policy.
____
Associated Press writers Riaz Khan and Rasool Dawar in Peshawar, Pakistan, contributed to this report.
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North African nations take different reform routes
RABAT, Morocco RABAT, Morocco (AP) ? Two years after an itinerant Tunisian fruit-seller set himself on fire to protest government injustice and ignited uprisings across the Middle East, the three nations of the Maghreb ? the former French colonies of North Africa ? have taken vastly different paths. Tunisia has seen wholesale political change. In oil-rich Algeria, it's business as usual. Somewhere in the middle is Morocco, which has trumpeted what it describes as a third way of controlled change as a model for the region.
These outcomes sum up much of the Middle East's disparate reactions to the Arab Spring ? and their success or failure may hold lessons for the whole region.
Morocco and Algeria seem remarkably stable, despite the social tensions boiling beneath their calm facade. Resource-strapped Tunisia seems to have fared poorly, with a struggling economy and dire predictions of chaos. Yet it's also the country that has made the most progress toward a more open society.
MOROCCO:
On the surface, Morocco seems to be the Maghreb nation that has fared the best in the Arab Spring, with massive protests by the pro-democracy February 20th youth movement bringing a swift promise by the king to reform the constitution, devolving more powers to elected officials. A referendum on the amended constitution was approved by 98 percent of the people and in early elections, a moderate Islamist party long in the opposition won the right to head the new governing coalition.
Abdelilah Benkirane of the Justice and Development Party became the strongest prime minister in decades and promised to root out corruption, while working to help the country's most needy.
"Our government is working in cooperation with the other institutions under the leadership of his majesty," Communication Minister Mustapha Khalfi told The Associated Press. "It's what we call a gradual reform with stability, a third path between revolution and the old way of governing."
Yet on Nov. 18, in Morocco's capital Rabat, a few dozen activists attempted to rally in front of the parliament to protest the king's $300 million personal budget, one of the largest for a monarchy in the world and a serious burden for the struggling economy.
Even before the protesters could gather, they were set upon by club wielding riot police and chased through the elegant art-deco streets of the capital. Yet, just a week earlier, thousands had been allowed to protest against the prime minister. Despite a new constitution and promises of reform, the hereditary monarchy ruling this nation of 32 million for the last 350 years remains in charge and above criticism.
None other than the king's first cousin, Prince Moulay Hisham, now a professor at Stanford, disputes the monarch's vision of Morocco finding the middle path to reform.
In a recent interview with France 24 news channel, he argued that the monarchy only changed the constitution under heavy pressure from the pro-democracy demonstrations and as the movement faltered, so did reform.
"In the absence of true, strong democratic force to carry on the project and guarantee that it was a stage and not a final step, the spirit of the new constitution has been frozen," he said.
After the elections, demonstrations petered out and a year and a half after the constitution was passed, most of its amendments have yet to be implemented.
Abadila Maaelaynine, an activist with February 20, said the economy and social inequalities haven't improved, and there are still daily human rights violations, especially against demonstrations.
"So the promise of real change on the ground is not yet there."
ALGERIA:
The energy giant has been referred to as the exception to the Arab Spring. Early protests calling for reform fizzled and were quickly repressed by highly vigilant security forces. While President Abdelaziz Bouteflika went on to promise a host of reforms, including in the laws governing the media and political parties, little has been achieved over the past two years.
Dozens of new parties were legalized but it made little difference in parliamentary elections in May 2012 or November's municipal elections, which were poorly attended and just strengthened the ruling party. For the most part life has returned to the way it was before the Arab Spring.
With its enormous oil and gas reserves, Algeria also has vast financial resources lacking to most Arab Spring countries, allowing it to douse potential unrest with large amounts of cash.
"There was an attempt to buy a social peace ? don't ask political questions and we'll sort out your economic needs," said Algerian sociologist Nasser Djabi. "The government ... played for time and it seems to have worked."
The ruling party has only widened its control over the various elected bodies, and as neighboring Tunisia and Egypt looked more and more unstable, Algeria has come under increasingly less pressure from Europe and the U.S. to reform, he added.
The rise of radical Islamic groups in the Sahara and especially northern Mali has also made Algeria and its powerful military an attractive partner in the war on terror.
Meanwhile, talk of amending the constitution has been shelved for the near future. According to Nourreddine Benissad, head of Algeria's main human rights group, political freedoms are on the wane and the elections have been far from free and transparent.
"It's practically illegal to demonstrate or even gather," he said. "There is no real political will to carry out social, political or economic reforms."
Instead, any change in Algeria is expected to come only in 2014 when President Bouteflika's latest term ends and he is expected to step down. At that point, there should be an opening for a new political generation, and a power struggle between the military and members of the ruling party is expected.
TUNISIA:
Of the three Maghreb countries, the birthplace of the Arab Spring has appeared to be closest to the brink of violence and even a new uprising. Over the past few weeks, there has been a rising confrontation between the main labor union and the moderate Islamist party that won elections after the overthrow of the dictator.
There were days of rioting in one regional city that nearly culminated in a nationwide general strike on Dec. 13, which had been expected to degenerate into further violence until the two sides negotiated a last minute compromise.
Tunisia, a largely middle class republic of 10 million, was once one of the most repressive police states in the region under the 23-year rule of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, until his overthrow in January 2011.
After a relatively rocky transition, Tunisians surged to the polls in record numbers on Oct. 23 and gave the most votes to Ennahda, a moderate Islamist party that had been an implacable foe of the old regime. The Islamists went on to form a coalition with two other secular parties and promised democracy and jobs.
A year later, political tensions have soared to new heights. There is constant talk that the coalition is set to fracture; disaffected youths demanding jobs riot in town after town; and radical Islamism is on the rise.
Ghazi Gheriari, a political analyst at Tunis University, said the post-election period marking the second phase of Tunisia's transition ? while having more popular legitimacy ? has been marked by less consensus and more bickering.
There has also been the rise of an aggressive ultraconservative Islamist movement known as Salafism that has increasingly resorted to violence. "With the new government, Tunisia is seeing more tension and problems with freedoms," said Gheriari.
Part of the problem is that political opposition in the elected assembly has been weak, with little real support in the population, meaning it presents little effective counterweight to the ruling coalition.
Instead, the real opposition has been the unions and civil associations that have stood up to the government over issues such as putting references to Islamic law in the new constitution and describing women, in one clause, as complementary rather than equal to men. In both cases, the Islamist government backed down.
This, in fact, has been perhaps the redeeming hallmark of Tunisia's transition: Even amid periodic riots, political crises and standoffs, the tension has always been defused and a compromise reached between the feuding parties. That contrasts with Egypt, where each side seems at every stage to be ready to carry their stand over the brink and into violence.
The ability to achieve agreement amid searing acrimony may be what saves Tunisia's experiment in democracy.
Kamel Labidi, a long time campaigner for human rights and freedom of expression, attributes this strength partly to high education levels and the military's historical lack of a role in the country ? as well as the presence of a labor movement to balance out the Islamists.
"The Islamists understood it was in their interest to make concessions," he said.
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Sunday, December 30, 2012
NFL: Saints Coach Sean Payton To Become the Highest Paid Coach Sports
The absence of head coach Sean Payton was greatly felt as the New Orleans Saints aren?t even in playoff contention following successful seasons. ?Payton was suspended for a year following the bounty scandal and when he returns to the sideline he?ll have a hefty salary to greet him. ?In fact he?ll be the highest paid coach in any sport. ?Read more after the jump.
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Sean Payton?s five-year contract extension with the?New Orleans Saints?is expected to pay him more than $8 million annually, which should establish him as the NFL?s highest paid coach, a league source said.
Payton and Saints owner Tom Benson only have agreed in principle to the extension. The contract has yet to be approved by the NFL and commissioner Roger Goodell, who refused to validate a 2011 agreement between the team and Payton because of a clause that permitted Payton to leave the franchise if general manager Mickey Loomis was suspended, fired or otherwise left the front office.
Had the NFL let Payton become a free agent, he would?ve been the most sought after coach in the league. ?Payton however maintained that he wanted to remain with the Saints, the team he coached to a Super Bowl victory following the 2009 season. ?After his year long suspension, Payton will be?eligible for reinstatement on Feb. 4, the day after New Orleans hosts the Super Bowl.
ESPN
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David Comer commented on article Obama Puts Pressure on GOP in Cliff Talks
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Police warnings about holiday celebrations raise questions about ...
Posted on: 11:30 pm, December 28, 2012, by Raymond Hawkes and Jon Burkett, updated on: 11:31pm, December 28, 2012
RICHMOND, Va (WTVR)- If you hold a house party and a friend comes over and leaves intoxicated, are you responsible for what happens to him after he leaves your house?
Legal experts say Virginia?s laws may seem surprising.
It?s the time of year where people like to party to ring in the New Year and perhaps toss back a drink or two with friends and family.
It?s also prime season for DUI checkpoints because accidents can tragically change a family?s life forever.? So police in Central Virginia are warning everyone out there that accountability starts at home.
?It?s a scare tactic,? said Donte Henderson of Chesterfield. ?They?re trying to get people to think about drinking and driving. It?s that season where some good folks are going to leave parties with the intent of just going home. But things will happen. I think police are taking the right steps.?
But if it?s your party, just how responsible are you for an intoxicated friend or family member?s actions?
??Dram shop? is a law that holds a person that sold someone alcohol liable in a bar or commercial setting,? says CBS-6 legal expert Todd Stone. ??A ?social host liability? is when you host a party and you?re serving someone alcohol. In Virginia, there isn?t a civil or criminal liability perspective unless it deals with alcohol consumption and a minor.?
?I feel if you don?t tell them then you are responsible, but if you say ?hey, don?t go and give me your keys,? and they insist on leaving then that?s their problem,? said Chris Anderson of Chesterfield.? ?You can only do but so much.?
Police say just play it safe by telling a family member or friend to stay at your place or call them a cab. ??While legal expert Stone says you may not be legally liable, remember, if something happens your conscience may get to you.
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Saab Mechanics in Boston - RPM Automotive - Boston's Saab ...
Looking for a good mechanic to work on your Saab in the Boston area? While we can't vouch for anyone's service as well as we could RPM Automotive's, the following mechanics specialize in Saab repair, are well-reviewed on Yelp or other online sources, and are conveniently located near RPM Automotive's former Allston location, near Packard's Corner:
- Charles River Saab
Allston. (617) 787-1707 - Mecca Motors
Allston. (617) 787-1707 - European Car Doctors
Allston. (617) 262-5525 - Herb Chambers Saab of Boston
Allston. (617) 975-3900
Source: http://www.rpmautomotive.biz/2012/12/saab-mechanics-in-boston.html
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Fiscal Cliff Hurts Consumer Confidence, Ford Invests in Factories: Weekly Market Recap
Here?s your Cheat Sheet to the top market moving headlines of the week:
Catalysts are critical to discovering winning stocks.?Check out our newest CHEAT SHEET stock picks now.
Monday
This Monday, the U.S. equity markets continued a Friday slump catalyzed by gridlock and uncertainty surrounding the fiscal cliff debate. The markets are closed tomorrow for the Christmas holiday and will open for trading on Wednesday, ahead of the scheduled return of policymakers to Washington on Thursday.
At the close: DJIA: -0.39%, S&P 500: -0.24%, Nasdaq: -0.28%.
On the commodities front, Oil (NYSE:USO) edged down 0.02 percent to $88.64 per barrel. Precious metals also edged down, with Gold (NYSE:GLD) falling 0.08 percent to $1,658.70 per ounce, and Silver (NYSE:SLV) falling 1 percent to $29.90 per ounce at about 1:15 PM.
Here?s your Cheat Sheet to Monday?s top stock stories:
At $27.66 per share, General Motors Company (NYSE:GM) is bumping along less than a dollar shy of its 52-week high of $27.91. The big news that came in the middle of last week was a $5.5 billion buyback of 200 million shares from the U.S. Department of the Treasury at $27.50 per share, coupled with the government?s announcement to fully exit its entire holding of GM stock within 12 to 15 months. The good news has apparently woken up some bulls at Goldman Sachs? (Read more.)
One of the best battles of 2012 is taking place at the end of the year, which makes it seem like a main event. Herbalife (NYSE:HLF) has had a nice run over the past few years, but those years will likely end up being remembered as glory days. In other words, they won?t happen again. The battle is Bill Ackman of Persuing Capital Management vs. CEO Michael Johnson of Herbalife? (Read more.)
Catalysts are critical to discovering winning stocks. Check out our newest CHEAT SHEET stock picks now.
Yum! Brands, Inc. (NYSE:YUM) closed up 1.77 percent following news news that an investigation by the Shanghai Food and Drug administration turned up acceptable levels of antibiotics and steroids in KFC chicken, but a suspicious level of an antiviral drug banned for use in food. The investigation was launched after the state-run China Central Television reported that KFC chicken contained high levels of antibiotics. China accounts for nearly half of Yum! Brands? revenue
Shares of Facebook?(NASDAQ:FB) closed up 2.55 percent after receiving a boost from analysts at Needham & Co., who raised their price target on the stock from $25 to $33. Full-year 2013 revenue estimates were increased from $6.27 billion to $6.5 billion, with earnings revised from $0.59 per share to $0.65 per share.
Is an 11th-Hour Solution All That?s Left? Lawmakers left a heavy air of uncertainty behind them in Washington this week. Just a handful of days remain until the new year, when the fiscal cliff triggers and automatic austerity measures and tax increases begin taking affect. The result, as predicted by the Congressional Budget Office, business leaders, and economists could be renewed recession for the first-half of fiscal 2013? (Read more.)
Lenders Voice Concerns About Greek Tax Crisis: Greece?s 240-billion-euro ($317.2 billion) international bailout package came with a number of strings attached. In order to receive the funding necessary to keep its economy afloat, the International Monetary Fund and European Union finance ministers developed a long list of austerity measures and financial reform that the Greek government has been obligated to implement. High on the list is tax reform, and lenders have a reason to believe Greece isn?t cracking down hard enough? (Read more.)
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3D Brain (for iPhone)
3D Brain (for iPhone), a free educational app, provides a good overview of the brain and its structures. It?s best for students, although there?s plenty of interest to those of us who don?t know a hypothalamus from a hippocampus. Along with providing rotatable, VR-style illustrations of the brain and its components, it has informative text and links to relevant medical articles and databases.
Its features are the same as 3D Brain (for iPad), and its layout is basically the same. It is more cumbersome, though. Most notably, if you press Info while looking at a brain structure, the information bar fills most of the field of view, blocking your view of the brain structure (and labels, if they?re turned on). Although pinching or stretching shrinks or expands the type size, the bar's width remains the same, so for the most part, you can't look at the structure's illustration and the info about it at the same time, as you can on an iPad.
A Virtual Tour of the Brain
When you open the app, you see a page labeled Whole Brain, a depiction of the entire brain with its regions marked in different colors. It's a VR-style 3D illustration; by touching it and dragging your finger, you can rotate it, revealing different regions. One side is translucent, so you can see interior structures. You can also stretch or pinch the diagram to enlarge or shrink it.
One piece of interactivity that I would have liked to have seen is some response when you tap specific areas in the brain in the diagrams. For instance, the Whole Brain view shows six areas of the brain, each depicted in a different color. Clicking on the Labels button in the taskbar identifies them as the Frontal Lobe, the Parietal Lobe, the Temporal Lobe, the Occipital Lobe, the Cerebellum, and the Brainstem. But if you touch on one of the areas or its label, nothing happens. Granted, you can access separate pages for these areas, as well as 22 brain regions or sub-regions, from the Structures button on the right-hand taskbar that reveals a drop-down menu listing the regions you can examine.
Basal Ganglia for Beginners
As an example of how it works, if you choose the second entry on the list, Basal Ganglia, it reveals an illustration with six substructures shown in different colors. Touching the Labels button on the taskbar names the structures: Globus Pallidus, Nucleus Accumbens, etc. Tapping the Info button calls up a wide sidebar on the right side of the screen, with text describing different aspects of the basal ganglia. ?Whichever brain structure you call up, the textual information provided is in the same order: Overview, Case Study (or Studies), Associated Functions, Associated Cognitive Disorders, [Impairments] Associated with Damage, Substructures, Research Reviews, and Links.
Through links in the Research Reviews section, you can access PubMed abstracts of selected articles related to the brain region. The Links section includes the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) organizational tree for the structure in question, while BrainInfo takes you to images. Whichever of these links you click on, it takes you out of the app, which you'll have to relaunch. It will open to the Whole Brain opening page, where you?ll start from scratch.
The Spinnable Brain
3D Brain (for iPhone) gives a good overview of the brain and its structures, with rotatable, expandable diagrams, and relevant, informative text and links. The spinnable VR illustrations of brain structures are the interactive high point of the app. But there are some places in which my user experience fell a bit short.
The iPhone?s screen size (even with the iPhone 5) does not permit viewing of both text and the full diagrams at the same time, as you can do on an iPad. The lack of touch-sensitive interlinking of the diagrams makes navigation (using the bar at the righthand edge of the screen) awkward. All the links, in text and in the Links section, take you to Web pages outside the app, making you have to relaunch 3D Brain and start from scratch (the Whole Brain screen).
These quibbles, though, shouldn?t deter anyone interested in the workings of the brain from downloading this free app. The material presented in 3D Brain (for iPhone) as well as its interactive diagrams should be a valuable resource to students and informed laymen alike, but, if you've got an iPad that's the best way to experience the 3D Brain.
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Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/5-xXjF3fW2c/0,2817,2413571,00.asp
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Saturday, December 29, 2012
Egypt opposition says Islamists trying to stifle dissent
CAIRO (Reuters) - Egypt's opposition accused President Mohamed Mursi's Islamist allies of trying to muzzle dissent on Friday after prosecutors decided to investigate whether prominent government critics were guilty of sedition.
The probe, which comes a month after Mursi replaced the chief prosecutor, further sours the political climate as the leader and his opponents face off over a new constitution that became law on Wednesday.
Critics of the new charter say it uses vague language, fails to enshrine the rights of women and minorities and does little to champion the rights of Egyptians who rose up last year to overthrow army-backed strongman Hosni Mubarak.
Supporters say it protects personal rights that were often trampled upon during the Mubarak era and a subsequent spell of army rule.
The constitution text won about 64 percent approval in a two-stage referendum but Mursi's opponents vowed to continue protests and rejected his calls for a national dialogue.
Prosecutors ordered the inquiry into three of the president's most prominent opponents on Thursday - former Arab League chief Amr Moussa, Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mohamed ElBaradei and leftist Hamdeen Sabahy.
Moussa and Sabahy both challenged Mursi for the presidency in a June election which followed the 2011 uprising.
The prosecutor's office said the three had been accused of inciting supporters to rise up and overthrow Mursi, the country's first fairly elected leader.
Mursi's critics saw an attempt to intimidate them into silence and vowed to continue challenging his rule.
"I believe this is orchestrated by the Brotherhood leadership," Hussein Abdel Ghani, a spokesman for the country's main opposition umbrella group, told Reuters. "The Mubarak regime used to order the same tactics."
"But we are going to use our full rights, our civil tactics, to demonstrate our opposition to this regime," he said.
The charged atmosphere makes it harder for Mursi to bolster his authority and muster a consensus for unpopular austerity measures vital to preventing a weak economy from collapsing.
AN END TO TURMOIL
Mursi is hoping that the quick adoption of the constitution and holding elections to a permanent new parliament soon will help end the long period of turmoil since Mubarak's overthrow in February 2011 that has wrecked the economy.
But the Egyptian pound tumbled to its weakest in almost eight years this week after the constitution was approved. People unnerved by the continued political tension rushed to hoard dollars and gold.
The government ordered new restrictions on foreign currency apparently designed to prevent capital flight. Leaving or entering with more than $10,000 cash is now banned.
Mursi was propelled into office thanks to the rallying power of his Muslim Brotherhood, the country's main opposition group under Mubarak that was banned from formal politics for decades.
Ahmed Sobeih, a spokesman for the Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party, dismissed Abdel Ghani's accusation of an organized legal campaign against Mursi's opponents.
"We must get away from the language of mutual accusations," he said, adding that "dozens" of similar complaints had been filed against Brotherhood leaders.
Mursi appointed Chief Public Prosecutor Talaat Ibrahim when he assumed sweeping new powers on November 22. Ibrahim's predecessor, Abdel Maguid Mahmoud, had served for many years under Mubarak.
Judicial sources said the inquiry against Moussa, ElBaradei and Sabahy followed a complaint from lawyers sympathetic to Mursi.
The trio are part of the National Salvation Front, an alliance of political groups that has spearheaded street protests against the government.
"The mere referral of these complaints to an investigative judge and the accompanying public announcement is already cause enough for serious concern," said Heba Morayef, Egypt director at New York-based Human Rights Watch.
A spokesman for Moussa said the accusations against him were groundless.
"What we read in the papers are several allegations that we have denied over and over in the past few months," said Ahmed Kamel, a spokesman for Moussa's Congress Party. "They are completely unfounded and have no relation to reality."
(Writing by Maria Golovnina; Editing by Tom Pfeiffer)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/egypt-opposition-says-islamists-trying-stifle-dissent-191857711.html
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Deal reached to avert U.S. port strike for now
(Reuters) - A union representing dockworkers on the U.S. East Coast and an alliance of shippers have reached a labor agreement that will avert a strike that threatened to wreak havoc on the U.S. economy.
The International Longshoremen's Association (ILA), which represents 14,500 workers at 15 container ports in the eastern United States, and the U.S. Maritime Alliance (USMX) of shippers, terminal operators and port authorities, have agreed to extend their current contract by 30 days to finalize details, the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service said in a statement on Friday.
Both sides have agreed "in principle" on the contentious issue of royalty payments for shipping containers, payments to ILA workers based on the tons of container cargo that move through a port.
The statement on Friday was light on details of the actual agreement, and the USMX declined to comment further. The ILA could not be reached for comment.
Established in 1960, the royalty payments to ILA workers are based on the tons of container cargo that move through a port. That tonnage has risen from 50 million tons in 1996 to 110 million last year, according to the alliance. Total payments last year were $211 million, according to the USMX, or an average of $15,500 per worker.
The original idea was to protect longshoremen from wage losses expected as a result of "containerization," in which more and more goods are packed in the now-familiar 20- and 40-foot long boxes. Those take less manpower to off-load than the less-standardized containers they replaced.
Both sides also fought over the guaranteed eight-hour workday in the current contract and the seven-man "lashing gang." Lashing crews, or gangs, secure the cargo containers to the vessel using metal lashing rods to keep them from moving while the vessel is at sea. The maritime alliance wanted to eliminate each.
(Reporting By Ernest Scheyder; Editing by Chizu Nomiyama and Bob Burgdorfer)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/mediator-says-deal-reached-avert-port-strike-now-171126727.html
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Genie Backup Manager Home Edition 9.0
Genie Backup Manager Home Edition is a long-established consumer-level backup program that has always impressed me with its clarity, power, and well-chosen range of genuinely useful features. The previous version won our Editors' Choice award, and the latest one comes tantalizingly close to winning it again. The only thing that holds it back is its inability to create a bootable rescue disk on a USB flash drive. It still creates bootable rescue disks only on optical disks, and the era when virtually every computer had an optical drive is over. If you can lie with this one minor limitation, then Genie Backup Manager is a fast, efficient, and beautifully designed application for saving and restoring data.
Interface and Options
Genie Backup Manager's main menu is elegant and informative, with big buttons leading to wizards that perform Backup, Restore, and Disaster Recovery. (The Disaster Recovery wizard creates an emergency recovery disk that you can boot from when disaster strikes.) The Backup wizard lets you create and optionally reuse backup jobs. You create these jobs in a simple interface that lets you choose a backup location either on a local disk, including optical and USB disks, or a network disk, or an FTP location, with fully up-to-date support for secure FTP if needed.
You can choose to backup items from your Windows user "profile," which means that you can select documents from your Documents folder, or media files, or Outlook data files, Windows settings and registry data, and much else. You can also choose specific folders, disks, or Windows-specific locations such as your Libraries and shared folders in a HomeGroup.
Further options let you save your backups in ZIP format or with all files readily accessible. One especially useful feature lets you create archives in the form of executable programs that you can run on computers that don't have Genie Backup Manager installed. This feature reflects the very real possibility that you won't have your backup software available when you need to restore your data in a hurry, or that you sometimes need to restore your backups on someone else's computer.
Backing Up
Genie offers you the standard choice of full or incremental backups, with an option to make your backups "mirror" the source folders, so that files that you delete on the source will also be deleted from the backup. This is a valuable backup type that works in a similar way to file synching services like Dropbox, but it should only be used with the understanding that it won't let you recover deleted files. You can also schedule backups in an intuitive and flexible way. When you've created a backup job, you can modify or reuse it by selecting it from a list in the Backup wizard. You can also modify existing jobs from the app's main menu.
If you choose this program for the non-experts in your family, you can switch to an even simpler interface that offers only the option to create and run a Backup job, or to Restore files. But if you want to use your expertise, you can click unobtrusive "More settings" buttons in the wizard interface and set up e-mail notifications of backup jobs or only of errors and other expert-level features.
Performance
Genie Backup Manager wasn't as speedy as Acronis or NTI, taking 2 minutes 45 seconds to backup an 800 MB folder to a USB3 drive?almost twice the time as Acronis?but speed isn't the most crucial factor in backups. What matters most is reliability and ease of use, because if a backup program isn't easy to use, you're not likely to use it.
I like Genie Backup Manager a lot, and if it could only create emergency boot media on a flash drive, I would happily promote it to share our backup software Editors' Choice with Acronis Backup and Recovery.
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Dr. Craig Malkin: Can Cyborgs Fall in Love?
Watch the TEDTalk that inspired this post.
Up until Amber Case's thought-provoking TEDTalk, the whole idea of cyborgs falling in love might have seemed like the premise for an outrageous science fiction story. You know -- the kind with cheesy cover art, depicting a fetching, scantily clad fem-bot, draped around a beefy, steely-eyed hero. (I picture him winking.) But thanks to her work, and the work of MIT psychologist, Sherry Turkle, who also studies the influence of technology on identity, we've begun grappling with the far less amusing notion that we, ourselves, are the cyborgs. Suddenly, the question as to whether or not cyborgs can fall in love has become as pressing as it is real. And answering it requires that we take a hard, honest look at what we've become.
Even prior to the Internet, the idea that we exist in multiple versions of self was accepted wisdom by many. I am my daughter's father, my wife's husband, my client's therapist. Each relationship -- each environment -- calls on a slightly different version of who we are, so that in many ways, we create, and our created, by our own experiences. That's what Case and Turkle mean by the second self. It's the self we fashion for cyberspace even as it fashions us.
In the process of crafting our second self, we can only retain our humanity -- and our capacity to love -- if we use technology in a way that doesn't leave us anemic and enervated. . - Dr. Craig Malkin
When we talk about our cyborg self, then, what we're really describing is the as yet crude admixture that emerges from the blend of human needs, desires, motivations, and perceptions and the projected self we know through cyberspace. The second self isn't at all the same as the human self, precisely because who we are is limited and shaped by the cyberspace in which it dwells.
Case offers an apt metaphor, for example, for the astonishing constriction of time and space afforded by cell phone technology: a worm hole, the theoretical short cut between two points in time and space. With each call, our mental self is instantaneously transported from one point to another.
But the metaphor is telling. Many wormhole theories draw on the idea of a singularity or black hole, and most physicists agree that nearing a singularity would tear us apart. On Twitter, communication is restricted to 140 characters, so the self that emerges there is less nuanced by necessity. It serves a purpose in that world, reaching out in bits and pieces of communication, but the rest of us -- the more human part of us, messy, complicated, ambivalent, loving, striving, reaching, flinching -- is left behind.
We are rent asunder when we enter cyberspace, fragmented -- made smaller. The very constrictions of time and space that permit magically instantaneous communication also mean that the more we reach out with this second, cyberself, the less human we become; we only know ourselves -- and are known -- in bits and pieces. When the second self takes over, our full humanity begins to fade, like the iconic heroes of The Matrix, whose bodies atrophied from lack of use while their projected identities wandered through cyberspace, unwitting captives of the machines. The quality of our cyborg self -- and therefore, our capacity to love -- depends entirely on which self we use to reach out to those around us. That's where things get a little bleak.
Fathers, Turkle reminds us, now push their children on the swing with one hand, while glancing at their smart phone with the other. And more chillingly, in one of the more somber moments of her talk, Case warns us that, in all the frenzy to return texts and react to the rapid fire information which surrounds our cyborg selves, we've sacrificed the capacity to reflect; in so doing, we've lost ourselves. With no time to sit and think and dream and ponder and create, one of the most powerful means we have of knowing ourselves has begun to vanish. The self emerges in moments of silence, outside the hum and buzz of "the culture of distraction." Does the father pushing his child with one hand truly know himself? Does his daughter know him?
Love, I would argue, requires the full experience of our own humanity and self-knowledge. It requires that we make ourselves vulnerable, open, expansive, allowing the moment to fill us, and ourselves to fill the moment we're in. Our deepest attachments develop when we can show all of who we are and be accepted, and that includes romantic love. The crudely pixilated self of cyberspace can hardly represent the best of us.
In the process of crafting our second self, we can only retain our humanity -- and our capacity to love -- if we use technology in a way that doesn't leave us anemic and enervated. That means living with intention -- staying present, and choosing, wisely, the moments we decide to step through the wormhole, rather than quietly, mindlessly slipping into it. I once wrote that "technology is only as healthy as our use of it," and I still believe that. The more we reflexively dwell (and hide) in cyberspace, the less practice we have at being fully human, and the harder it becomes.
And that means we can only truly love -- and fall in love -- when we lead with our humanity, and reach out to touch one another with all of who we are. We can't afford to leave even one hand behind in cyberspace while embracing our children. It's up to us to decide how much humanity is left in the emerging cyborg race. And that means it's up to us whether or not cyborgs can fall in love.
If you like my posts, let me know! Let's connect on facebook andTwitter. I frequently respond to comments and questions there. And feel free to check out www.drcraigmalkin.com for more tips and advice, as well as information on my book in progress.
The next Hold Me Tight Couples Workshop takes place April 26-28, 2013. For more information and to register, visit www.drjenniferleigh.com.
Ideas are not set in stone. When exposed to thoughtful people, they morph and adapt into their most potent form. TEDWeekends will highlight some of today's most intriguing ideas and allow them to develop in real time through your voice! Tweet #TEDWeekends to share your perspective or email tedweekends@huf?ngtonpost.com to learn about future weekend's ideas to contribute as a writer.
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More in Machines Make Us More HumanSource: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-craig-malkin/can-cyborgs-fall-in-love_b_2372252.html
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Friday, December 28, 2012
Euribor seesaws as policymakers dispel rate cut hopes
FRANKFURT (Reuters) - Key Euribor bank-to-bank lending rates eased on Thursday, having risen in the previous session as earlier comments from a clutch of European Central Bank policymakers played down chances of another ECB rate cut.
Joerg Asmussen, a member of the ECB's Executive Board, said last week he would be "very reluctant" about the ECB cutting its deposit rate - now at zero - any further, adding that "our (monetary) policy is very accommodative".
Another board member, Yves Mersch, said he did not see the logic of a debate about the ECB cutting its main rate from a record low of 0.75 percent. A third board member, Peter Praet, said earlier this month there is little room to cut.
The ECB kept rates on hold this month despite new forecasts suggesting the euro area economy will contract next year as it has this.
On Thursday, three-month Euribor rates, traditionally the main gauge of unsecured bank-to-bank lending, ticked down to 0.185 percent from 0.186 percent.
The six-month rate was unchanged at 0.319 percent while the one-week rate eased to 0.089 percent from 0.090 percent.
Dollar-priced bank-to-bank Euribor lending rates were mixed, with three-month rates falling to 0.57462 percent from 0.57667 percent and one-week rates rising to 0.63692 percent from 0.58167 percent.
($1 = 0.7867 euros)
(Reporting by Frankfurt newsroom; Editing by Ruth Pitchford)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/euribor-seesaws-policymakers-dispel-rate-cut-hopes-104948213--finance.html
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Birdsong study pecks theory that music is uniquely human
Dec. 27, 2012 ? A bird listening to birdsong may experience some of the same emotions as a human listening to music, suggests a new study on white-throated sparrows, published in Frontiers of Evolutionary Neuroscience.
"We found that the same neural reward system is activated in female birds in the breeding state that are listening to male birdsong, and in people listening to music that they like," says Sarah Earp, who led the research as an undergraduate at Emory University.
For male birds listening to another male's song, it was a different story: They had an amygdala response that looks similar to that of people when they hear discordant, unpleasant music.
The study, co-authored by Emory neuroscientist Donna Maney, is the first to compare neural responses of listeners in the long-standing debate over whether birdsong is music.
"Scientists since the time of Darwin have wondered whether birdsong and music may serve similar purposes, or have the same evolutionary precursors," Earp notes. "But most attempts to compare the two have focused on the qualities of the sound themselves, such as melody and rhythm."
Earp's curiosity was sparked while an honors student at Emory, majoring in both neuroscience and music. She took "The Musical Brain" course developed by Paul Lennard, director of Emory's Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology program, which brought in guest lecturers from the fields of neuroscience and music.
"During one class, the guest speaker was a composer and he said that he thought that birdsong is like music, but Dr. Lennard thought it was not," Earp recalls. "It turned into this huge debate, and each of them seemed to define music differently. I thought it was interesting that you could take one question and have two conflicting answers that are both right, in a way, depending on your perspective and how you approach the question."
As a senior last year, Earp received a grant from the Scholars Program for Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research (SPINR), and a position in the lab of Maney, who uses songbirds as a model to study the neural basis of complex learned behavior.
When Earp proposed using the lab's data to investigate the birdsong-music debate, Maney thought it was a great idea. "Birdsong is a signal," Maney says. "And the definition of a signal is that it elicits a response in the receiver. Previous studies hadn't approached the question from that angle, and it's an important one."
Earp reviewed studies that mapped human neural responses to music through brain imaging.
She also analyzed data from the Maney lab on white-throated sparrows. The lab maps brain responses in the birds by measuring Egr-1, part of a major biochemical pathway activated in cells that are responding to a stimulus.
The study used Egr-1 as a marker to map and quantify neural responses in the mesolimbic reward system in male and female white-throated sparrows listening to a male bird's song. Some of the listening birds had been treated with hormones, to push them into the breeding state, while the control group had low levels of estradiol and testosterone.
During the non-breeding season, both sexes of sparrows use song to establish and maintain dominance in relationships. During the breeding season, however, a male singing to a female is almost certainly courting her, while a male singing to another male is challenging an interloper.
For the females in the breeding state every region of the mesolimbic reward pathway that has been reported to respond to music in humans, and that has a clear avian counterpart, responded to the male birdsong. Females in the non-breeding state, however, did not show a heightened response.
And the testosterone-treated males listening to another male sing showed an amygdala response, which may correlate to the amygdala response typical of humans listening to the kind of music used in the scary scenes of horror movies.
"The neural response to birdsong appears to depend on social context, which can be the case with humans as well," Earp says. "Both birdsong and music elicit responses not only in brain regions associated directly with reward, but also in interconnected regions that are thought to regulate emotion. That suggests that they both may activate evolutionarily ancient mechanisms that are necessary for reproduction and survival."
A major limitation of the study, Earp adds, is that many of the regions that respond to music in humans are cortical, and they do not have clear counterparts in birds. "Perhaps techniques will someday be developed to image neural responses in baleen whales, whose songs are both musical and learned, and whose brain anatomy is more easily compared with humans," she says.
Earp, who played the viola in the Emory orchestra and graduated last May, is now a medical student at the Cleveland Clinic.
So what music makes her brain light up? "Stravinsky's 'Firebird' suite," Earp says.
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Story Source:
The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Emory University. The original article was written by Carol Clark.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- Sarah E. Earp, Donna L. Maney. Birdsong: Is It Music to Their Ears? Frontiers in Evolutionary Neuroscience, 2012; 4 DOI: 10.3389/fnevo.2012.00014
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/NQfpAL3gUUg/121227080110.htm
Geosphere covers Grand Canyon, deep drill coring, Death Valley, and more
![[ Back to EurekAlert! ]](http://www.eurekalert.org/images/back2e.gif){kind=small}
Public release date: 28-Dec-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Kea Giles
kgiles@geosociety.org
Geological Society of America
Articles posted online 13-17 Dec. 2012
Boulder, Colo., USA New Geosphere articles include additions to several special issues "Results of IODP Exp313: The History and Impact of Sea-level Change Offshore New Jersey"; "The ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf (MIS) and Southern McMurdo Sound (SMS) Drilling Projects"; "Exploring the Deep Sea and Beyond: Contributions to Marine Geology in Honor of William R. Normark"; and "CRevolution 2: Origin and Evolution of the Colorado River System II."
Topics include
1. Sonograms of Earth.
2. Study of an 1138-m-long drill core, representing the last 20 million years of glacial history.
3. Greenhouse-icehouse oscillations as a natural consequence of plate tectonics operating in the presence of continental masses.
4. An alternative hypothesis for the origin of Grand Canyon (Arizona, USA).
5. Determination of spring-water origins and pathways in the Cuatrocinegas Basin, Mexico.
6. Ancient interactions between the ice sheet and the ocean at the Ross Sea continental shelf.
7. The misconception about the evolution of the northern Rio Grande Rift, Gore Range, Colorado.
8. Solving the debate over Death Valley.
Abstracts for these and other Geosphere papers are available at http://geosphere.gsapubs.org/. Representatives of the media may obtain complimentary copies of Geosphere articles by contacting Kea Giles at the address above.
Please discuss articles of interest with the authors before publishing stories on their work, and please make reference to Geosphere in articles published. Contact Kea Giles for additional information or assistance.
Non-media requests for articles may be directed to GSA Sales and Service, gsaservice@geosociety.org.
Pleistocene sequence stratigraphy of the shallow continental shelf, offshore New Jersey: Constraints of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Leg 313 core holes
Kenneth G. Miller et al., Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA. Posted online 13 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00795.1.
The Pleistocene epoch (the past 2.55 million years) was marked by large (>100 m) sea-level rises and falls that controlled deposition and erosion of sediment. Geologists' understanding of the relationship between sea level and the sediment record has been limited by the ability to recognize and date Pleistocene packages of sediments called sequences that are bracketed by sea-level falls. In this paper, Kenneth G. Miller and colleagues integrate data from core samples obtained by Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 313 with new seismic stratigraphic data ("sonograms of the Earth") to interpret Pleistocene sea-level changes on the inner to middle continental shelf and the Hudson shelf valley. Improved age control allows recognition and dating of six Pleistocene sequences. Miller and colleagues suggest that sequences were preserved only during peak high global sea-level events except for a few low stand deposits preserved in eroded (incised) valleys. Incised valleys document more southerly courses of the paleo-Hudson Valleys compare to the modern.
Lithostratigraphy determined from downhole logs in the AND-2A borehole, southern Victoria Land Basin, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
Sabine Hunze et al. (Thomas Wonik, corresponding author), Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. Posted online 13 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00774.1.
During the 2007-2008 austral spring season, the ANDRILL Southern McMurdo Sound Project recovered an 1138-m-long core, representing the last 20 million years of glacial history. An extensive downhole logging programme was successfully carried out. The aim of these analyses was to use detailed interpretation of the downhole logs to obtain a description of the lithologies and their specific physical properties that is independent of the core descriptions. Sabine Hunze and colleagues use statistical analyses to establish an independent lithological column and to identify boundaries of change in sediment composition, provenance, and/or environmental conditions, and the uranium content in the downhole logs to determine hiatuses. The main purpose of this paper is to provide important new constraints on lithostratigraphy (Plio-Pleistocene sediment composition and paleoenvironment) that have general bearing for understanding the climatic evolution of the Victoria Land Basin within the West Antarctic Rift. Some remarkable results could be achieved from the downhole logging data of AND-2A borehole although the boundary conditions for interpretation were far from ideal: (1) there is no great variability in the lithology of the AND-2A core, (2) the cementation occur over various lithology and changes the physical parameters of each lithology significantly. All results presented in this paper show the benefit of downhole logging for the overall understanding of the ANDRILL geological setting.
Continental arc-island arc fluctuations, growth of crustal carbonates, and long-term climate change
Cin-Ty A. Lee et al., Dept. of Earth Science, MS-126, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA. Posted online 13 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00822.1.
The Cretaceous to early Paleogene (50 to 140 million years ago) was characterized by a greenhouse baseline climate, driven by elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Hypotheses for the elevated CO2 concentrations invoke an increase in volcanic CO2 production due to higher oceanic crust production rates, higher frequency of large igneous provinces, or increases in pelagic carbonate deposition, the last leading to enhanced carbonate subduction into the mantle source regions of arc volcanoes. However, these are not the only volcanic sources of CO2 during this time interval. Cin-Ty A. Lee and colleagues show that ocean-continent subduction zones, manifested as a global chain of continental arc volcanoes, were as much as 200% longer in the Cretaceous and early Paleogene than in the late Paleogene to present, when a cooler climate prevailed. They suggest that greenhouse-icehouse oscillations are a natural consequence of plate tectonics operating in the presence of continental masses, serving as a large capacitor of carbonates that can be episodically purged during global flare-ups in continental arcs. Importantly, they note that if the global crustal carbonate reservoir has grown with time, as might be expected because platform carbonates on continents do not generally subduct, the greenhouse-driving potential of continental arcs would have been small during the Archean, but would have increased in the Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic after a significant reservoir of crustal carbonates had formed in response to the evolution of life and the growth of continents.
Rejection of the lake spillover model for initial incision of the Grand Canyon, and discussion of alternatives
William R. Dickinson, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0077, USA. Posted online 13 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00839.1.
Almost 150 years after John Wesley Powell first ran its rapids, geologists still cannot agree about the origin of the Grand Canyon of Arizona. All agree that the canyon was cut by the Colorado River, but why the river cut the canyon exactly where it did and when it did is fiercely debated. This paper by William R. Dickinson considers and rejects the hypothesis that incision of the Grand Canyon was initiated by spillover of water from a supposedly deep lake that formed in north-central Arizona east of the Kaibab-Coconino Plateau and was filled by inflow of water from the upper Colorado River in Utah. Consideration of the morphology and history of the Colorado River drainage system as a whole supports the alternative hypothesis that an ancestral Miocene Colorado River cut a shallow canyon through the Kaibab-Coconino Plateau but exited into the Virgin River drainage north of the mouth of the present Grand Canyon. Subsequent headward erosion upstream from the Grand Wash Cliffs was capable of carving the lower Grand Canyon to capture the ancestral Colorado River near the geographic center of the modern Grand Canyon, thereby integrating the courses of the upper and lower Colorado Rivers for the first time near the Miocene-Pliocene time boundary some five million years ago. Thereafter, river flow along its present course deepened and widened the full Grand Canyon.
Identifying origins of and pathways for spring waters in a semiarid basin using He, Sr, and C isotopes: Cuatrocinegas Basin, Mexico
B.D. Wolaver et al., Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, Texas 78758, USA. Posted online 13 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00849.1.
This study by B.D. Wolaver and colleagues presents the first dissolved noble gas and He isotopic data from northeastern Mexico. Helium, carbon, and strontium isotopes are used to infer spring sources in a water-stressed area. Spring-water origins and pathways in the Cuatrocinegas Basin are revealed by linking structure and geochemistry via regionally extensive fault networks. Basement involved faults with complex reactivation histories are important in northeastern Mexico tectonics and affect hydrogeologic systems. The importance of faults as conduits for northeastern Mexico volcanism is recognized, but connections between faulting and the hydrogeologic system have not been extensively investigated. This research tests the hypothesis that Cuatrocinegas Basin springs are divided into two general classes based upon discharge properties: (1) regional carbonate aquifer discharge (mesogenic) mixed with contributions from deeply sourced (endogenic) fluids containing 3He and CO2 from the mantle that ascend along basement-involved faults; and (2) carbonate aquifer discharge mixed with locally recharged (epigenic) mountain precipitation. This study demonstrates the presence of mantle derived 3He and deeply sourced CO2 that ascend along basement-penetrating faults and mix with Cupido aquifer groundwater before discharging in Cuatrocinegas Basin springs.
Orbitally paced shifts in the particle size of Antarctic continental shelf sediments in response to ice dynamics during the Miocene climatic optimum
S. Passchier et al., Dept. of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, 252 Mallory Hall, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA. Posted online 13 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00840.1.
Drillholes within sediment archives on the Antarctic continental margin shed light on changes in ice cover during past warm periods. By analyzing the changes in the seafloor sediment composition in an ANDRILL core from the Ross Sea continental shelf, S. Passchier and colleagues investigate the interactions between the ice sheet and the ocean. They discuss how, over time, ice growth and decay control the available wave energy recorded in the grain size of the seafloor sediment and conclude that although melt at the top of the ice sheet may have been limited over the past 18 million years, warm ocean currents may have melted a large proportion of the ice that is in contact with the ocean during past warm periods.
(U-Th)/He thermochronologic constraints on the evolution of the northern Rio Grande Rift, Gore Range, Colorado, and implications for rift propagation models
Rachel L. Landman and Rebecca M. Flowers, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. Posted online 17 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00826.1.
The Rio Grande rift system is a zone of intracontinental extension that tapers northward into the center of the southern Rocky Mountains. Near its northern end, the rift is located in a region that contains some of the highest peaks in the Rockies. However, relationships between the rifting process and development of the Rocky Mountains are not well understood. The notion persists that the Rio Grande rift propagated northward in late Cenozoic time, with this propagation proposed as a possible cause of late Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains. This study by Rachel Landman and Rebecca Flowers of the University of Colorado Boulder uses low-temperature thermochronology to constrain the uplift and exhumation history of the Gore Range, a rift-flank uplift at the northern end of the rift in central Colorado. Their results show that the mid-Tertiary and younger history of the Gore Range area is similar to histories inferred along the rest of the rift to the south, suggesting that the onset and evolution of the Rio Grande rift were roughly synchronous along its length. This conclusion demonstrates that the idea of a northward propagating rift is a misconception.
Detrital zircon age distributions as a discriminator of tectonic versus fluvial transport: An example from the Death Valley, USA, extended terrane
Nathan A. Niemi, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. Posted online 17 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00820.1.
The Basin and Range Province of the western United States is perhaps the premier example of a continental extensional orogen on Earth today. Nonetheless, the amount of extension that has occurred across the Basin and Range, and the mechanisms that accommodate it, remain strongly debated. This is particularly true in the Death Valley region, where up to 400% crustal extension has been proposed in the last ~15 million years. In part, this debate hinges on the interpretation of fluvial sediments located on the eastern side of Death Valley, which contain unique clasts derived from a source ~80 km to the WNW on the western side of Death Valley, with one interpretation positing that most of the transport of the clasts from source to sink was accomplished by tectonic processes, and another that the transport is primarily due to sedimentologic processes. In this paper, Nathan A. Niemi describes a new method to quantitatively assess the transport distance of fluvial sediments using the dilution of distinct detrital zircon U-Pb age populations. Detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra from sedimentary rocks on the east of Death Valley contain a Jurassic age peak that is similar in age and magnitude to unique plutonic source rocks in western Death Valley, supporting an interpretation of large-magnitude extension across Death Valley. The proposed methodology is applicable for discriminating tectonic versus sedimentary transport in any orogenic system in which a unique zircon source population can be identified.
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Public release date: 28-Dec-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Kea Giles
kgiles@geosociety.org
Geological Society of America
Articles posted online 13-17 Dec. 2012
Boulder, Colo., USA New Geosphere articles include additions to several special issues "Results of IODP Exp313: The History and Impact of Sea-level Change Offshore New Jersey"; "The ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf (MIS) and Southern McMurdo Sound (SMS) Drilling Projects"; "Exploring the Deep Sea and Beyond: Contributions to Marine Geology in Honor of William R. Normark"; and "CRevolution 2: Origin and Evolution of the Colorado River System II."
Topics include
1. Sonograms of Earth.
2. Study of an 1138-m-long drill core, representing the last 20 million years of glacial history.
3. Greenhouse-icehouse oscillations as a natural consequence of plate tectonics operating in the presence of continental masses.
4. An alternative hypothesis for the origin of Grand Canyon (Arizona, USA).
5. Determination of spring-water origins and pathways in the Cuatrocinegas Basin, Mexico.
6. Ancient interactions between the ice sheet and the ocean at the Ross Sea continental shelf.
7. The misconception about the evolution of the northern Rio Grande Rift, Gore Range, Colorado.
8. Solving the debate over Death Valley.
Abstracts for these and other Geosphere papers are available at http://geosphere.gsapubs.org/. Representatives of the media may obtain complimentary copies of Geosphere articles by contacting Kea Giles at the address above.
Please discuss articles of interest with the authors before publishing stories on their work, and please make reference to Geosphere in articles published. Contact Kea Giles for additional information or assistance.
Non-media requests for articles may be directed to GSA Sales and Service, gsaservice@geosociety.org.
Pleistocene sequence stratigraphy of the shallow continental shelf, offshore New Jersey: Constraints of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Leg 313 core holes
Kenneth G. Miller et al., Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA. Posted online 13 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00795.1.
The Pleistocene epoch (the past 2.55 million years) was marked by large (>100 m) sea-level rises and falls that controlled deposition and erosion of sediment. Geologists' understanding of the relationship between sea level and the sediment record has been limited by the ability to recognize and date Pleistocene packages of sediments called sequences that are bracketed by sea-level falls. In this paper, Kenneth G. Miller and colleagues integrate data from core samples obtained by Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 313 with new seismic stratigraphic data ("sonograms of the Earth") to interpret Pleistocene sea-level changes on the inner to middle continental shelf and the Hudson shelf valley. Improved age control allows recognition and dating of six Pleistocene sequences. Miller and colleagues suggest that sequences were preserved only during peak high global sea-level events except for a few low stand deposits preserved in eroded (incised) valleys. Incised valleys document more southerly courses of the paleo-Hudson Valleys compare to the modern.
Lithostratigraphy determined from downhole logs in the AND-2A borehole, southern Victoria Land Basin, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
Sabine Hunze et al. (Thomas Wonik, corresponding author), Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. Posted online 13 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00774.1.
During the 2007-2008 austral spring season, the ANDRILL Southern McMurdo Sound Project recovered an 1138-m-long core, representing the last 20 million years of glacial history. An extensive downhole logging programme was successfully carried out. The aim of these analyses was to use detailed interpretation of the downhole logs to obtain a description of the lithologies and their specific physical properties that is independent of the core descriptions. Sabine Hunze and colleagues use statistical analyses to establish an independent lithological column and to identify boundaries of change in sediment composition, provenance, and/or environmental conditions, and the uranium content in the downhole logs to determine hiatuses. The main purpose of this paper is to provide important new constraints on lithostratigraphy (Plio-Pleistocene sediment composition and paleoenvironment) that have general bearing for understanding the climatic evolution of the Victoria Land Basin within the West Antarctic Rift. Some remarkable results could be achieved from the downhole logging data of AND-2A borehole although the boundary conditions for interpretation were far from ideal: (1) there is no great variability in the lithology of the AND-2A core, (2) the cementation occur over various lithology and changes the physical parameters of each lithology significantly. All results presented in this paper show the benefit of downhole logging for the overall understanding of the ANDRILL geological setting.
Continental arc-island arc fluctuations, growth of crustal carbonates, and long-term climate change
Cin-Ty A. Lee et al., Dept. of Earth Science, MS-126, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA. Posted online 13 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00822.1.
The Cretaceous to early Paleogene (50 to 140 million years ago) was characterized by a greenhouse baseline climate, driven by elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Hypotheses for the elevated CO2 concentrations invoke an increase in volcanic CO2 production due to higher oceanic crust production rates, higher frequency of large igneous provinces, or increases in pelagic carbonate deposition, the last leading to enhanced carbonate subduction into the mantle source regions of arc volcanoes. However, these are not the only volcanic sources of CO2 during this time interval. Cin-Ty A. Lee and colleagues show that ocean-continent subduction zones, manifested as a global chain of continental arc volcanoes, were as much as 200% longer in the Cretaceous and early Paleogene than in the late Paleogene to present, when a cooler climate prevailed. They suggest that greenhouse-icehouse oscillations are a natural consequence of plate tectonics operating in the presence of continental masses, serving as a large capacitor of carbonates that can be episodically purged during global flare-ups in continental arcs. Importantly, they note that if the global crustal carbonate reservoir has grown with time, as might be expected because platform carbonates on continents do not generally subduct, the greenhouse-driving potential of continental arcs would have been small during the Archean, but would have increased in the Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic after a significant reservoir of crustal carbonates had formed in response to the evolution of life and the growth of continents.
Rejection of the lake spillover model for initial incision of the Grand Canyon, and discussion of alternatives
William R. Dickinson, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0077, USA. Posted online 13 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00839.1.
Almost 150 years after John Wesley Powell first ran its rapids, geologists still cannot agree about the origin of the Grand Canyon of Arizona. All agree that the canyon was cut by the Colorado River, but why the river cut the canyon exactly where it did and when it did is fiercely debated. This paper by William R. Dickinson considers and rejects the hypothesis that incision of the Grand Canyon was initiated by spillover of water from a supposedly deep lake that formed in north-central Arizona east of the Kaibab-Coconino Plateau and was filled by inflow of water from the upper Colorado River in Utah. Consideration of the morphology and history of the Colorado River drainage system as a whole supports the alternative hypothesis that an ancestral Miocene Colorado River cut a shallow canyon through the Kaibab-Coconino Plateau but exited into the Virgin River drainage north of the mouth of the present Grand Canyon. Subsequent headward erosion upstream from the Grand Wash Cliffs was capable of carving the lower Grand Canyon to capture the ancestral Colorado River near the geographic center of the modern Grand Canyon, thereby integrating the courses of the upper and lower Colorado Rivers for the first time near the Miocene-Pliocene time boundary some five million years ago. Thereafter, river flow along its present course deepened and widened the full Grand Canyon.
Identifying origins of and pathways for spring waters in a semiarid basin using He, Sr, and C isotopes: Cuatrocinegas Basin, Mexico
B.D. Wolaver et al., Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, Texas 78758, USA. Posted online 13 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00849.1.
This study by B.D. Wolaver and colleagues presents the first dissolved noble gas and He isotopic data from northeastern Mexico. Helium, carbon, and strontium isotopes are used to infer spring sources in a water-stressed area. Spring-water origins and pathways in the Cuatrocinegas Basin are revealed by linking structure and geochemistry via regionally extensive fault networks. Basement involved faults with complex reactivation histories are important in northeastern Mexico tectonics and affect hydrogeologic systems. The importance of faults as conduits for northeastern Mexico volcanism is recognized, but connections between faulting and the hydrogeologic system have not been extensively investigated. This research tests the hypothesis that Cuatrocinegas Basin springs are divided into two general classes based upon discharge properties: (1) regional carbonate aquifer discharge (mesogenic) mixed with contributions from deeply sourced (endogenic) fluids containing 3He and CO2 from the mantle that ascend along basement-involved faults; and (2) carbonate aquifer discharge mixed with locally recharged (epigenic) mountain precipitation. This study demonstrates the presence of mantle derived 3He and deeply sourced CO2 that ascend along basement-penetrating faults and mix with Cupido aquifer groundwater before discharging in Cuatrocinegas Basin springs.
Orbitally paced shifts in the particle size of Antarctic continental shelf sediments in response to ice dynamics during the Miocene climatic optimum
S. Passchier et al., Dept. of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, 252 Mallory Hall, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA. Posted online 13 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00840.1.
Drillholes within sediment archives on the Antarctic continental margin shed light on changes in ice cover during past warm periods. By analyzing the changes in the seafloor sediment composition in an ANDRILL core from the Ross Sea continental shelf, S. Passchier and colleagues investigate the interactions between the ice sheet and the ocean. They discuss how, over time, ice growth and decay control the available wave energy recorded in the grain size of the seafloor sediment and conclude that although melt at the top of the ice sheet may have been limited over the past 18 million years, warm ocean currents may have melted a large proportion of the ice that is in contact with the ocean during past warm periods.
(U-Th)/He thermochronologic constraints on the evolution of the northern Rio Grande Rift, Gore Range, Colorado, and implications for rift propagation models
Rachel L. Landman and Rebecca M. Flowers, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. Posted online 17 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00826.1.
The Rio Grande rift system is a zone of intracontinental extension that tapers northward into the center of the southern Rocky Mountains. Near its northern end, the rift is located in a region that contains some of the highest peaks in the Rockies. However, relationships between the rifting process and development of the Rocky Mountains are not well understood. The notion persists that the Rio Grande rift propagated northward in late Cenozoic time, with this propagation proposed as a possible cause of late Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains. This study by Rachel Landman and Rebecca Flowers of the University of Colorado Boulder uses low-temperature thermochronology to constrain the uplift and exhumation history of the Gore Range, a rift-flank uplift at the northern end of the rift in central Colorado. Their results show that the mid-Tertiary and younger history of the Gore Range area is similar to histories inferred along the rest of the rift to the south, suggesting that the onset and evolution of the Rio Grande rift were roughly synchronous along its length. This conclusion demonstrates that the idea of a northward propagating rift is a misconception.
Detrital zircon age distributions as a discriminator of tectonic versus fluvial transport: An example from the Death Valley, USA, extended terrane
Nathan A. Niemi, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. Posted online 17 Dec. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00820.1.
The Basin and Range Province of the western United States is perhaps the premier example of a continental extensional orogen on Earth today. Nonetheless, the amount of extension that has occurred across the Basin and Range, and the mechanisms that accommodate it, remain strongly debated. This is particularly true in the Death Valley region, where up to 400% crustal extension has been proposed in the last ~15 million years. In part, this debate hinges on the interpretation of fluvial sediments located on the eastern side of Death Valley, which contain unique clasts derived from a source ~80 km to the WNW on the western side of Death Valley, with one interpretation positing that most of the transport of the clasts from source to sink was accomplished by tectonic processes, and another that the transport is primarily due to sedimentologic processes. In this paper, Nathan A. Niemi describes a new method to quantitatively assess the transport distance of fluvial sediments using the dilution of distinct detrital zircon U-Pb age populations. Detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra from sedimentary rocks on the east of Death Valley contain a Jurassic age peak that is similar in age and magnitude to unique plutonic source rocks in western Death Valley, supporting an interpretation of large-magnitude extension across Death Valley. The proposed methodology is applicable for discriminating tectonic versus sedimentary transport in any orogenic system in which a unique zircon source population can be identified.
###
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[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-12/gsoa-gcg122712.php
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