Thursday, November 1, 2012

BMO: Boomers warned housing-based retirement ... - Financial Post

About a third of Baby Boomers plan to sell their home to fund their retirement, according to a study that questions whether buyers will dry up as that massive segment of the population downsizes.

Bank of Montreal is warning Boomers not to count on that nest egg, while other observers suggest that even if prices don?t plunge, big increases in property values are a thing of the past.

?They shouldn?t be relying on their homes because there are risks,? says Marlena Pospiech, a retirement strategist at the BMO Retirement Institute.

The bank suggests the following risky scenario: As Canada?s population ages, more Boomers will be retiring and selling their homes, putting downward pressure on prices.

[Boomers] could be in serious financial trouble if they are relying on their home, especially if they are highly leveraged

BMO also says tighter lending standards and higher interest rates could reduce the number of eligible homebuyers and push people into smaller and less expensive homes.

The bank?s survey suggests 34% of homeowners are unsure if they will sell their home before retirement. The concern seems to be that 40% of respondents say they are not confident in their ability to save for retirement and 41% say they might just end up using their homes to shore up any shortfall in their golden years.

?You want to have options when you retire, you don?t want to feel you are forced to sell to tap into any equity,? says Ms. Pospiech, adding the problem is compounded if prices fall. ?[Boomers] could be in serious financial trouble if they are relying on their home, especially if they are highly leveraged.?

Don Lawby, chief executive of Century 21 Canada, has heard warnings about a lack of buyers for Boomer homes before. ?I don?t buy it; I think it?s just talk,? he says.

For starters, he says, there is little indication immigration is going to slow and, increasingly in places like the Vancouver area, where he resides, immigrants have more money to buy the single-family homes of the Boomers.

?I think single-family detached are becoming a bit of a luxury,? says Mr. Lawby. But he says even townhouses and condos will continue to rise in price because of rising land costs. ?They are not making any more land.?

He says prices in big cities, in particular, will continue to rise and increase equity that could some day fund a retirement.

?If I had wonderful single-family home in [a small town], I can?t retire on the increased value, but in major cities I think they are just wrong.?

That might sound like the usual realtor?s optimism, but demographers say a collapse in prices based on Boomer homes flooding the market isn?t reality either.

?There is going to be continuing demand for housing as long as we bring in 250,000 immigrants a year,? says Doug Norris, chief demographer at Environics Analytics.

Given the creation of about 175,000 households each year (based on the latest census data), that?s plenty of demand.

Boomers are also living longer and may not downsize as quickly as they have in the past.

?There is just no strong evidence of what will happen,? says Mr. Norris.

Demographer David Foot, author of Boom, Bust and Echo, believes there are enough children of Boomers to soak up the housing supply.

?The Boomers have been averaging about two kids per family [in the U.S.] and replacing themselves,? says Mr. Foot. ?It?s a bigger issue in Canada because the Boomers only had about 1.6 or 1.7 kids per family. The echo isn?t quite as big.?

He predicts the twenty somethings today that have been driving the condo market will at some point buy into single-family detached homes.

?There are enough of them to buy the Boomers? houses.?

His more pressing worry is for the condominium segment.

?It is question of whether they will move out to the suburbs to raise their kids like every other generation has,? says Mr. Foot. ?My concern is who will buy all the condos when the twenty somethings vacate them.?

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Source: http://business.financialpost.com/2012/10/31/boomers-warned-using-home-sale-to-fund-retirement-could-backfire/

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Dark clouds, young stars, and a dash of Hollywood: New results from space telescope's explorations of stellar birthplaces

ScienceDaily (Oct. 31, 2012) ? An astronomical project led by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) has examined the earliest stages of star formation in unprecedented depth: Using the European Space Agency's Herschel Space Telescope and techniques more commonly encountered in Hollywood blockbuster computer graphics than in astronomy, the researchers produced a three-dimensional map of the molecular cloud B68, a possible future birthplace for a low-mass star. Turning their attention to much more massive molecular clouds, the researchers also managed to identify a previously unobserved class of object that is likely the earliest known precursor of the birth of massive stars.

Stars are born in hiding, when dense regions within clouds of gas and dust collapse under their own gravity. But the clouds not only provide the raw material for star formation, they also absorb most of the light from their interior, hiding from view the crucial details of stellar birth ? one of the key astronomical processes if we want to understand our own origins!

Now, two groups in the EPoS ("Earliest Phases of Star formation") project led by MPIA's Oliver Krause, using ESA's Herschel Space Telescope, report new results in understanding the earliest stages of star formation.

On the trail of the origin of low-mass stars (with less than about twice the mass of our Sun), a team led by Markus Nielbock (MPIA) has completed a detailed investigation of one of the best-known potential stellar birthplaces: the dark cloud (or "globule") Barnard 68 in the constellation Ophiuchus. Combining the Herschel Space Telescope's unrivaled sharpness and sensitivity in the far-infrared range with a method more often encountered in visual effects companies working on Hollywood blockbusters than in astronomy, the researchers were able to construct the most realistic 3D model of the cloud to date.

The method, adapted for this particular use by MPIA's Ralf Launhardt, uses what is known as raytracing: For each minute portion of the object that we can see, the line of sight is traced back into the object itself. The contribution by each portion of the light's path ? is light being absorbed at this particular point? is it being emitted? if yes, at which wavelengths? ? are added up. Raytracing is routinely used to produce realistic-looking computer-generated creatures, objects or whole scenes. Here, it helped to match light emitted within Barnard 68 at different wavelengths with simplified models of the cloud's three-dimensional shape, density and temperature distribution.

The results have shaken up some of what astronomers thought they knew about this cloud. The emerging picture is one of Barnard 68 condensing from a drawn-out filament, heated by unevenly distributed external radiation from the direction of the central plane of our home galaxy. The astronomers also found some signs pointing to a cloud fragment in collision with Barnard 68, which might lead to the cloud's collapse, and the formation of one or more low-mass stars, within the next hundreds of thousands of years, and whose existence had been predicted by a previous study (Burkert & Alves 2009).

As cosmic clouds go, Barnard 68 is rather small. Clouds of this size will give birth to a few low-mass stars at most. To find out how massive stars are born (mass greater than about twice the mass of the Sun), a team led by MPIA's Sarah Ragan turned Herschel's PACS camera to 45 significantly more massive dark clouds. The clouds contain numerous stars about to be born, so-called "protostars". While previous missions, such as NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, have also searched for protostars, Herschel enables astronomers to probe deeper into the clouds than ever before. Younger protostars are hidden much more effectively within their clouds than older ones. Herschel managed to find the youngest and most primitive protostars known.

The new observations swelled the ranks of known protostars from 330 to nearly 500 and, most excitingly, led to the discovery of a new type of not-quite-a-star: dense regions at a mere 15 degrees above absolute zero (-258 degrees Celsius) with no sign of a protostar. These regions are likely to be in an early precursor stage of star formation. In astronomy, where timescales of hundreds of millions or of billions of years are the norm, the fact that this precursor stage is expected to last less than 1000 years makes it extremely short-lived. Studying these elusive, pristine objects lays a necessary foundation for all subsequent studies of star formation.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Max Planck Institute for Astronomy/Max-Planck-Institut f?r Astronomie.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. M. Nielbock, R. Launhardt, J. Steinacker, A. M. Stutz, Z. Balog, H. Beuther, J. Bouwman, Th. Henning, P. Hily-Blant, J. Kainulainen, O. Krause, H. Linz, N. Lippok, S. Ragan, C. Risacher, A. Schmiedeke. The Earliest Phases of Star formation (EPoS) observed withHerschel: the dust temperature and density distributions of B68. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2012; 547: A11 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201219139

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/3w2uCg5s49k/121031081524.htm

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9 colorful and endangered tree-dwelling tarantulas discovered in Brazil

Wednesday, October 31, 2012

Arboreal tarantulas are known from a few tropical places in Asia, Africa, South and Central America and the Caribbean. These tarantulas generally have a lighter build, thinner bodies and longer legs, better suited for their habitat. They have increased surface area at the ends of their legs, allowing them to better climb different surfaces, while their light build makes them more agile.

Their core area is the Amazon, from where most of the species are known and normally very common, living in the jungle or even in house's surroundings. Now, nine new species were described from Central and Eastern Brazil, including four of the smallest arboreal species ever recorded.

The study was performed by Dr Rog?rio Bertani, who is a tarantula specialist and a researcher at the Instituto Butantan in Sao Paulo, Brazil. His results have been published in the open access journal ZooKeys.

"Instead of the seven species formerly known in the region, we now have sixteen", said Dr Bertani. "In a resurrected genus with a mysterious single species known from 1841, we have now five species". "These are the smallest arboreal tarantulas in the world, and their analysis suggests the genus to be very old, so they can be considered relicts of a formerly more widely distributed taxon".

Other discoveries include new species of tarantulas living inside bromeliads. "Only a single species had been known to live exclusively inside these plants, and now we have another that specialized in bromeliads as well". A further species was found at the top of table mountains where trees are rare. "This species also inhabits bromeliads, one of the few places for an arboreal tarantula to live that offer water and a retreat against the intense sunlight" he says.

The discovery of all these new species outside the Amazon was unexpected and illustrates how little we know of the fauna surrounding us, even from hot spots of threatened biodiversity like the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado (a kind of savannah vegetation). These species are highly endemic and the regions where they live are suffering high pressure from human activities. Therefore, studies for their conservation are necessaries. Furthermore, all these new species are colorful, which could attract the interest for capturing them for the pet trade, constituting another threat.

###

Bertani R (2012) Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae). ZooKeys 230: 1-94. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.230.3500

Pensoft Publishers: http://www.pensoft.net

Thanks to Pensoft Publishers for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/124919/__colorful_and_endangered_tree_dwelling_tarantulas_discovered_in_Brazil

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UK butterfly populations threatened by extreme drought and landscape fragmentation

UK butterfly populations threatened by extreme drought and landscape fragmentation [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 1-Nov-2012
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Contact: Barnaby Smith
bpgs@ceh.ac.uk
44-079-202-95384
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology

A new study has found that the sensitivity and recovery of UK butterfly populations to extreme drought is affected by the overall area and degree of fragmentation of key habitat types in the landscape.

The analysis, published this week in the scientific journal Ecography, used data on the Ringlet butterfly collected from 79 UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme sites between 1990 and 1999, a period which spanned a severe drought event in 1995.

The study was led by Dr Tom Oliver from the NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) in collaboration with colleagues from CEH and the charity Butterfly Conservation.

Lead author Dr Tom Oliver from the NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology said, "Most ecological climate change studies focus on species' responses to gradual temperature rise, but it may be that extreme weather will actually have the greatest impact on our wildlife. We have provided the first evidence that species responses to extreme events may be affected by the habitat structure in the wider countryside; for example in the total area and fragmentation (i.e. isolation) of woodland patches."

The UK has suffered from a number of severe droughts over the last few decades (e.g. 1976, 1995). Under global warming, the frequency of such summer droughts is expected to increase. The intense summer drought in 1995 led to marked declines in insect species associated with cooler and wetter microclimates and scientists are interested in how to make species populations more resilient, i.e. more resistant to and more able to recover from these extreme climate events.

The Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus is a grass-feeding butterfly commonly found close to woodland edges and known to be susceptible to drought effects. The researchers found that, following the 1995 drought, Ringlet populations not only crashed most severely in drier regions but, additionally, the habitat structure in the wider countryside around sites influenced population responses. Larger and more connected patches of woodland habitat reduced population sensitivity to the drought event and also facilitated faster recovery.

Co-author Dr Tom Brereton from Butterfly Conservation said, "Our results suggest that landscape-scale conservation projects are vital in helping species to recover from extreme events expected under climate change. However, conversely, if we do nothing, the high levels of habitat fragmentation will mean species are more susceptible."

Although many Ringlet populations did show some recovery following 1995-1996 population crashes, the long-term situation of the species in some parts of the UK is worrying. The researchers found that 18% of Ringlet butterfly populations continued to decline in the subsequent three years. The majority of populations showed positive recovery, although only 33% of populations showed complete recovery to pre-drought population levels within three years.

Co-author Dr David Roy from the NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology added, "The delayed recovery of butterfly populations is worrying given that severe summer droughts are expected to become common in some areas of the UK, for example, South East England. If populations don't recover by the time the next drought hits, they may face gradual erosion until local extinction."

###


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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


UK butterfly populations threatened by extreme drought and landscape fragmentation [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 1-Nov-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Barnaby Smith
bpgs@ceh.ac.uk
44-079-202-95384
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology

A new study has found that the sensitivity and recovery of UK butterfly populations to extreme drought is affected by the overall area and degree of fragmentation of key habitat types in the landscape.

The analysis, published this week in the scientific journal Ecography, used data on the Ringlet butterfly collected from 79 UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme sites between 1990 and 1999, a period which spanned a severe drought event in 1995.

The study was led by Dr Tom Oliver from the NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) in collaboration with colleagues from CEH and the charity Butterfly Conservation.

Lead author Dr Tom Oliver from the NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology said, "Most ecological climate change studies focus on species' responses to gradual temperature rise, but it may be that extreme weather will actually have the greatest impact on our wildlife. We have provided the first evidence that species responses to extreme events may be affected by the habitat structure in the wider countryside; for example in the total area and fragmentation (i.e. isolation) of woodland patches."

The UK has suffered from a number of severe droughts over the last few decades (e.g. 1976, 1995). Under global warming, the frequency of such summer droughts is expected to increase. The intense summer drought in 1995 led to marked declines in insect species associated with cooler and wetter microclimates and scientists are interested in how to make species populations more resilient, i.e. more resistant to and more able to recover from these extreme climate events.

The Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus is a grass-feeding butterfly commonly found close to woodland edges and known to be susceptible to drought effects. The researchers found that, following the 1995 drought, Ringlet populations not only crashed most severely in drier regions but, additionally, the habitat structure in the wider countryside around sites influenced population responses. Larger and more connected patches of woodland habitat reduced population sensitivity to the drought event and also facilitated faster recovery.

Co-author Dr Tom Brereton from Butterfly Conservation said, "Our results suggest that landscape-scale conservation projects are vital in helping species to recover from extreme events expected under climate change. However, conversely, if we do nothing, the high levels of habitat fragmentation will mean species are more susceptible."

Although many Ringlet populations did show some recovery following 1995-1996 population crashes, the long-term situation of the species in some parts of the UK is worrying. The researchers found that 18% of Ringlet butterfly populations continued to decline in the subsequent three years. The majority of populations showed positive recovery, although only 33% of populations showed complete recovery to pre-drought population levels within three years.

Co-author Dr David Roy from the NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology added, "The delayed recovery of butterfly populations is worrying given that severe summer droughts are expected to become common in some areas of the UK, for example, South East England. If populations don't recover by the time the next drought hits, they may face gradual erosion until local extinction."

###


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-11/cfe-ubp110112.php

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Exhaustive family tree for birds shows recent, rapid diversification

ScienceDaily (Oct. 31, 2012) ? A Yale-led scientific team has produced the most comprehensive family tree for birds to date, connecting all living bird species -- nearly 10,000 in total -- and revealing surprising new details about their evolutionary history and its geographic context.

Analysis of the family tree shows when and where birds diversified -- and that birds' diversification rate has increased over the last 50 million years, challenging the conventional wisdom of biodiversity experts.

"It's the first time that we have -- for such a large group of species and with such a high degree of confidence -- the full global picture of diversification in time and space," said biologist Walter Jetz of Yale, lead author of the team's research paper, published Oct. 31 online in the journal Nature.

He continued: "The research highlights how heterogeneously fast diversifying species groups are distributed throughout the family tree and over geographic space. Many parts of the globe have seen a variety of species groups diversify rapidly and recently. All this leads to a diversification rate in birds that has been increasing over the past 50 million years."

The researchers relied heavily on fossil and DNA data, combining them with geographical information to produce the exhaustive family tree, which includes 9,993 species known to be alive now.

"The current zeitgeist in biodiversity science is that the world can fill up quickly," says biologist and co-author Arne Mooers of Simon Fraser University in Canada. "A new distinctive group, like bumblebees or tunafish, first evolves, and, if conditions are right, it quickly radiates to produce a large number of species. These species fill up all the available niches, and then there is nowhere to go. Extinction catches up, and things begin to slow down or stall. For birds the pattern is the opposite: Speciation is actually speeding up, not slowing down."

The researchers attribute the growing rate of avian diversity to an abundance of group-specific adaptations. They hypothesize that the evolution of physical or behavioral innovations in certain groups, combined with the opening of new habitats, has enabled repeated bursts of diversification. Another likely factor has been birds' exceptional mobility, researchers said, which time and again has allowed them to colonize new regions and exploit novel ecological opportunities.

In their analysis, the researchers also expose significant geographic differences in diversification rates. They are higher in the Western Hemisphere than in the Eastern, and higher on islands than mainlands. But surprisingly, they said, there is little difference in rates between the tropics and high latitudes. Regions of especially intense recent diversification include northern North American and Eurasia and southern South America.

"This was one of the big surprises," Jetz said. "For a long time biologists have thought that the vast diversity of tropical species must at least partly be due to greater rates of net species production there. For birds we find no support for this, and groups with fast and slow diversification appear to occur there as much as in the high latitudes. Instead, the answer may lie in the tropics' older age, leading to a greater accumulation of species over time. Global phylogenies like ours will allow further tests of this and other basic hypotheses about life on Earth."

Other authors are G.H. Thomas of the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom; J.B. Joy of Simon Fraser University in Canada; and K. Hartmann of the University of Tasmania in Australia.

The work was supported by the National Science Foundation, NASA, the Natural Environment Research Council (U.K), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Simon Fraser University, and the Yale Institute of Biospheric Studies.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Yale University.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. W. Jetz, Thomas, G. H., Joy, J.B., Hartmann, K. & A.O. Mooers. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature, October 31, 2012

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/1TGXOVB9Ug0/121031141906.htm

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Assistant Professor of Fine Arts ? Franciscan University of

This is a syndicated post from CatholicJobs.com. [Read the original article...]

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF FINE ARTS
Education: University/College, FT Employee
Franciscan University of Steubenville (Steubenville, OH)

The Department of Fine Arts at Franciscan University of Steubenville (FUS) invites applications for a full time, tenure track position to begin August 2013. FUS is an academically excellent and passionately Catholic university in the Franciscan tradition, located 38 miles west of Pittsburgh and 24 miles west of Pittsburgh International Airport. The successful candidate must possess an appropriate Ph.D. or MFA at the time of employment, be committed to excellence in teaching, scholarship, and service, and support the Mission of the university. The successful candidate will teach multiple sections of a new Fine Arts core course, The Catholic Traditions in Visual Arts, and relevant studio courses. Preference will be given to candidates with a record of demonstrated excellence in college level teaching. To apply, please submit: a letter of application; curriculum vitae; evidence of undergraduate teaching effectiveness (including evaluations); a statement of teaching philosophy; a statement on the mission of the Franciscan University of Steubenville; three letters of reference; and official transcripts.
All materials must be submitted electronically to Shawn Dougherty, Chair, Fine Arts Search Committee, via [email?protected] or physically c/o BJ Brehm, Academic Affairs, Franciscan University of Steubenville, 1235 University Boulevard, Steubenville, OH 4395. Review of completed applications will begin on January 21, 2013 and will continue until the position is filled.
For additional information, http://www.franciscan.edu/EmploymentListings/. EOE (3)


Source: http://www.dfwcatholic.org/assistant-professor-of-fine-arts-franciscan-university-of-steubenville-steubenville-oh-68524/.html

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12:10 Mat Pilates Canceled Today, October 31st | Shelburne Health ...

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